by Wood D
Symptoms of End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
As kidney failure progresses, some or all of the following signs and symptoms may develop:
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Itchy skin
- Confusion
- Trouble concentrating
- Swelling throughout the body
- Low urine output
- Generalized weakness
- Multiple bruises
- Frequent infections
- Numbness and tingling in the extremities
- Irritability
- Decreased libido
- Menstrual irregularities
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Muscle cramps and twitches
- Shortness of breath
-
Pericarditis
-
High blood pressure
- Weak, brittle bones
- Yellowish-brownish skin tone
- Easy bruising of the skin
- Headache
- Frequent hiccups
If kidney failure is untreated, the accumulated waste products and fluid can result in:
References
Brenner, BM., et al. Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2011.
Conn's Current Therapy 2001. 53rd ed. WB Saunders Company; 2001.
Ferri, Fred, ed. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2010. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier, 2009.
Goldman L, Ausiello D., eds. Cecil Textbook of Internal Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2008.
National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases website. Available at:
http://www2.niddk.nih.gov.
National Kidney Foundation website. Available at:
http://www.kidney.org.
Rakel, R. Textbook of Family Medicine 2007. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2009.
Rakel, RE, Bope, ET. Conn's Current Therapy. 60th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2009.
Yu, HT. Progression of Chronic Renal Failure
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