Conditions InDepth: Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in either the colon or the rectum. The colon and rectum are parts of the body’s digestive system. They remove nutrients from food and store waste until it passes out of the body. The colon and the rectum also absorb water from ingested materials. Normally, the cells in the colon and rectum divide in a regulated manner. If cells keep dividing when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue called a tumor forms. A tumor can be benign or malignant.

Colon Cancer

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A benign tumor is not cancer. It does not spread to other parts of the body. Colon polyps are most often, but not always, benign tumors. Some colon polyps develop malignant cancer in them. Some colon cancers appear to arise from the lining of the colon without a polyp. A malignant tumor is cancerous. Cancer cells divide and damage tissue around them. They can enter the bloodstream and spread to other parts of the body.

Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. For 2013, the National Cancer Institute estimates that there will be 102,480 new cases of colon cancer and 40,340 new cases of rectal cancer. An estimated 50,830 people will die from colorectal cancer.

What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?What are the treatments for colorectal cancer?Are there screening tests for colorectal cancer?How can I reduce my risk of colorectal cancer?What questions should I ask my doctor?What is it like to live with colorectal cancer?Where can I get more information about colorectal cancer?

References

Colon and rectal cancer. National Cancer Institute website. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/colon-and-rectal. Accessed May 14, 2013.

Colorectal cancer. American Cancer Society website. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003096-pdf.pdf. Updated January 17, 2013. Accessed May 14, 2013.

Colorectal cancer. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what.php. Updated May 3, 2013. Accessed May 14, 2013.

7/22/2011 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance: Kohler BA, Ward E, McCarthy BJ, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2007, featuring tumors of the brain and other nervous system. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(9):714-736.